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Breast Cancer During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Key Takeaways

  • This rare condition affects only 1 in 3,000-10,000 pregnancies, but pregnancy hormones can accelerate tumor growth while increased breast density makes mammograms 25-50% less effective at detection.
  • Suspicious lumps feel hard, immovable, and painless—distinct from the soft, tender breast changes typical of pregnancy—and may be accompanied by skin dimpling or bloody nipple discharge.
  • Women over 30 face higher risk, with BRCA1 mutations carrying a 55-65% lifetime risk and BRCA2 mutations a 45% lifetime risk of developing the disease.
  • Surgery can be safely performed in any trimester, while chemotherapy agents like doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide are considered safe after 14 weeks gestation when organ formation is complete.
  • Delivery timing depends on treatment needs—chemotherapy must stop 3-4 weeks before delivery to allow the baby's immune system to recover, and radiation begins only after birth.

While it's rare, some women may develop breast cancer during pregnancy. Although pregnancy doesn't cause breast cancer, hormonal changes can accelerate the growth of existing tumors. Due to the increased density of the breasts during pregnancy, detecting small lumps or masses can be more challenging, leading to larger and more advanced tumors at the time of diagnosis.

The Importance of Regular Prenatal Checkups

To ensure the best possible health for you and your baby, it's crucial to attend regular prenatal checkups with your doctor. During these visits, your doctor may perform breast exams to check for any changes or suspicious symptoms. If a lump is found, your doctor will likely recommend a biopsy to determine if cancer cells are present.

Diagnostic Tools for Breast Cancer During Pregnancy

While mammograms are generally considered safe during pregnancy, they may not be as effective due to the increased breast density. A three-dimensional mammogram may provide better results. Your doctor may also use an ultrasound to assess the extent of the disease and guide the biopsy.

Breast Cancer During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Treatment Options for Breast Cancer During Pregnancy

The treatment plan for breast cancer during pregnancy depends on the stage of the cancer and the trimester of the pregnancy. Surgery, such as a lumpectomy or mastectomy, is generally safe during any trimester. However, radiation therapy is usually postponed until after delivery to avoid harming the baby.

Chemotherapy may be an option after the first trimester, but it carries risks for the baby. In cases of advanced breast cancer, both surgery and chemotherapy may be necessary, increasing the risk to the baby. It's essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits of treatment with your doctor and family to make an informed decision.

Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer

Stopping breastfeeding will not improve your chances of beating breast cancer. In many cases, it's safe to breastfeed when you have breast cancer. However, if you're undergoing chemotherapy, it's best to avoid breastfeeding, as the powerful drugs can pass through your milk to the baby. Consult with your doctor or a lactation counselor to determine the best course of action for you and your baby.

Coping with Breast Cancer During Pregnancy

Receiving a breast cancer diagnosis during pregnancy can be emotionally challenging. It's important to remember that ending the pregnancy will not improve your chances of beating the cancer, and there's no evidence that the cancer directly harms the baby. Seek support from your loved ones, and consider joining a support group for women facing similar challenges.

If you have any concerns about breast cancer during pregnancy, don't hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized guidance and support throughout your pregnancy and cancer treatment journey.

The Bottom Line

Early detection through monthly self-exams and immediate evaluation of any suspicious breast changes is critical, as treatment outcomes are similar to non-pregnant women when caught early. Coordinated care between your oncologist and obstetrician ensures both maternal treatment and fetal safety throughout pregnancy. If you notice any concerning breast changes during pregnancy, Doctronic can help you quickly connect with specialists for proper evaluation.

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