Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects many people with vaginas. It occurs when the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. While BV is not a sexually transmitted disease (STD), it can increase the risk of contracting STDs and cause complications during pregnancy.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of BV is not well understood, but several factors can increase the likelihood of developing the infection:

• Being sexually active, especially with multiple partners

• Douching or using scented soaps and vaginal deodorants

• Having an intrauterine device (IUD)

• Smoking

• Having a naturally low level of lactobacilli bacteria in the vagina

Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis

About half of the people with BV do not experience any symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Thin, watery vaginal discharge that may be white, gray, or greenish

• Fishy odor, especially after sex

• Pain, burning, or itching in the vagina

• Burning sensation when urinating

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect you have BV, it is important to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis. Your doctor may perform a pelvic exam, check your vaginal pH, and take a sample of your vaginal discharge for testing. Once diagnosed, BV can be treated with antibiotics, which may be in the form of pills, creams, or suppositories.

In addition to antibiotics, some home remedies may help alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrent infections:

• Probiotics, found in foods like yogurt and supplements, can help restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina

• Garlic supplements may be as effective as antibiotics in relieving BV symptoms

• Vitamin C supplements may improve vaginal pH and increase levels of healthy bacteria

• Boric acid suppositories can help rebalance vaginal acidity and relieve itching and burning

Complications and Prevention

Untreated BV can lead to various complications, including an increased risk of STDs, pelvic inflammatory disease, and pregnancy-related issues such as preterm birth and low birth weight. To prevent BV, it is recommended to:

• Use condoms during sex

• Avoid douching and scented vaginal products

• Wipe from front to back after using the bathroom

• Wear cotton or cotton-lined underwear

• Clean sex toys after every use

If you experience recurrent BV, it is crucial to work with your healthcare provider to identify the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan. With proper care and attention, most cases of BV can be effectively managed, allowing you to maintain optimal vaginal health.

For more information on bacterial vaginosis and other vaginal health topics, visit:

• CDC - Bacterial Vaginosis

• Mayo Clinic - Bacterial Vaginosis

• Office on Women's Health - Bacterial Vaginosis