If you suspect that you might have COVID-19, the illness caused by the coronavirus, at-home tests can provide quick and convenient results. There are two main types of at-home COVID-19 tests: rapid antigen tests and self-collection kits. This guide will help you understand these tests, when to use them, and what to do with your results.
At-home COVID-19 tests come in two main varieties:
Rapid Antigen Tests: These tests detect specific proteins on the surface of the COVID-19 virus. They typically involve a nasal swab and provide results within 10-15 minutes.
Self-Collection Kits: With these tests, you collect a sample (usually a nasal swab or saliva) at home and send it to a lab for analysis. Results are usually available within 24-48 hours after the lab receives your sample.
Consider using an at-home COVID-19 test if you:
Have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, sore throat, or chills
Have been in close contact with someone who tested positive for COVID-19
Plan to attend an indoor gathering with people from outside your household, especially if it includes unvaccinated children, older adults, or immunocompromised individuals
Are asked to do so by your employer, school, or healthcare provider
At-home COVID-19 tests work similarly to pregnancy tests. For rapid antigen tests, you collect a nasal swab, insert it into a tube of liquid, and then place the liquid onto a small absorbent pad. If COVID-19 virus particles are present, a colored line will appear, indicating a positive result.
For self-collection kits, you register the test online, collect your sample (usually a nasal swab or saliva), and ship it to the test company. Results are typically provided online, by email, or by text within 24-48 hours after the lab receives your sample.
While at-home tests are generally accurate, false negatives and false positives can occur. To ensure the most accurate results:
Follow the test instructions carefully
Wash your hands before testing
Disinfect the testing surface
Store the test properly
Never use an expired, damaged, discolored, or previously used test
According to research, it's best to take the test within 3-5 days after exposure to someone with the virus or immediately if you have symptoms.
If your at-home COVID-19 test is positive, the CDC recommends isolating for 5 days. If your symptoms improve, wear a mask for an additional 5 days when around others. Notify your close contacts and your doctor about your positive result.
If your test is negative and you have no symptoms, you likely do not have COVID-19. However, false negatives can occur, especially if you tested too early. If you're unsure, consult your doctor.
In the rare case of an error or invalid result, check the package instructions or contact the manufacturer for guidance. It's best to schedule a PCR test for the most accurate results.
If you prefer not to use an at-home test, contact your doctor, clinic, or hospital if you have COVID-19 symptoms or believe you've been exposed to the virus. They will guide you on the next steps, which may include visiting a clinic, going to a drive-through testing location, or staying home to avoid spreading the disease.
For more information on COVID-19 testing, visit the CDC's COVID-19 Testing Overview.
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