Understanding Absence Seizures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Absence seizures, previously known as "petit mal" seizures, are a type of generalized seizure that affects approximately two out of every 1,000 people. These seizures are caused by abnormal and intense electrical activity in the brain, which disrupts the normal communication between nerve cells (neurons).

Symptoms of Absence Seizures

Absence seizures typically last between 10 and 30 seconds and are most common in children aged 4 to 15. During an absence seizure, the person may:

• Abruptly stop whatever they're doing (talking, walking)

• Appear to "stare into space"

• Briefly lose consciousness without falling down or collapsing

After the seizure, the person recovers fully with no lingering confusion or other ill effects. These "spells" may occur infrequently or many times per hour.

Impact on Learning and Development

In children, absence seizures may interfere with learning and are often misinterpreted as daydreaming or inattention. It's essential for parents and teachers to be aware of the signs and symptoms of absence seizures to ensure that affected children receive proper support and treatment.

Potential Progression to Other Seizure Types

Approximately 25% of people who experience absence seizures may develop another type of generalized seizure called tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as "grand mal" seizures). However, the vast majority of children will outgrow absence seizures over time.

Causes of Absence Seizures

The exact underlying causes of absence seizures are not fully understood. However, some research suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the development of this condition. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms behind absence seizures.

Treatment Options

Treatment for absence seizures typically involves the use of anti-epileptic medications. These drugs work to reduce the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, helping to control seizures. Some commonly prescribed medications for absence seizures include:

• Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

• Valproic acid (Depakene)

• Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, managing stress, and avoiding triggers may help reduce the frequency of absence seizures. Regular check-ups with a neurologist are essential to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and make any necessary adjustments.

Resources and Support

If you or your child are experiencing absence seizures, it's essential to seek support from healthcare professionals and organizations dedicated to epilepsy awareness and research. Some helpful resources include:

• Epilepsy Foundation

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Epilepsy

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) - Epilepsy Information Page

By staying informed and working closely with healthcare providers, individuals and families affected by absence seizures can effectively manage this condition and maintain a high quality of life.