Medically reviewed by Hugo Benalcazar, Northwestern University on December 13th, 2023.
An abscessed tooth is a painful infection that occurs in or around the root of a tooth. This infection creates a pocket of pus and can affect anyone, from children to the elderly. If left untreated, the infection can spread beyond the jaw to other parts of the body, making it crucial to seek treatment from a dentist or endodontist.
Some common symptoms of an abscessed tooth include:
Sharp, throbbing pain, especially when pressure is applied to the tooth
Swelling in the gums or face
Redness of the gums
Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
A bad taste or odor in the mouth
Swollen lymph nodes
A pimple-like bump on the gums that may ooze pus when pressed
If the infection spreads, you may also experience fever, trouble breathing, or swelling in the face, neck, or jaw. In these cases, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
Tooth abscesses often result from untreated dental problems, such as:
Deep cavities or tooth decay
Gum disease (periodontal disease)
Cracked or chipped teeth
Certain lifestyle factors can increase your risk of developing an abscessed tooth, including:
Poor oral hygiene habits
A diet high in sugar
Dry mouth
Infrequent dental check-ups and cleanings
If you suspect you have an abscessed tooth, visit your dentist immediately. They will examine your teeth, take X-rays, and may perform a CT scan to determine the extent of the infection. In some cases, your dentist may refer you to an endodontist, a specialist in treating abscessed teeth.
Treatment for an abscessed tooth focuses on eliminating the infection. Depending on the severity of the abscess, your dentist or endodontist may recommend:
Antibiotics: If the infection has spread beyond the abscess site, antibiotics may be prescribed to help fight the infection.
Root canal: This procedure involves removing the infected pulp from the tooth and sealing it to prevent further infection.
Tooth extraction: If the tooth cannot be saved, it may need to be removed.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to drain a periodontal abscess.
It is important to note that home remedies and antibiotics alone cannot cure an abscessed tooth. Proper dental treatment is necessary to address the underlying infection.
To reduce your risk of developing an abscessed tooth, practice good oral hygiene habits, such as:
Brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
Flossing daily
Limiting sugary foods and drinks
Attending regular dental check-ups and cleanings
Addressing dental problems, such as cracked or chipped teeth, promptly
By taking care of your teeth and gums, you can help prevent the development of painful and potentially dangerous tooth abscesses.
For more information on dental health and preventing tooth abscesses, visit the American Dental Association, Mayo Clinic, or NHS websites.
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