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Unraveling Acute Lower GI Bleeding: What You Need to Know
Published: Oct 30, 2023
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be alarming, but understanding its causes and symptoms can help. Let's dive into what this condition is all about.
What is Acute Lower GI Bleeding?
Acute lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding refers to any sudden bleeding in the lower digestive tract, mainly from the colon. It can be caused by various conditions, including diverticulosis and inflammatory bowel disease. The bleeding often presents as the passage of bright red or maroon blood through the rectum, a condition known as hematochezia.
Common Symptoms and Signs
Patients with acute lower GI bleeding typically report seeing bright red or maroon blood during bowel movements. If the bleeding comes from the right side of the colon, the blood may appear darker. Rarely, bleeding may also present as melena, which is black, tarry stools, especially if it's from the right side of the colon.
How Serious is it?
Thankfully, most cases of acute lower GI bleeding resolve on their own, with 80 to 85 percent stopping without intervention. However, the condition can be life-threatening for some, with a mortality rate of 2 to 4 percent. It's crucial to seek medical attention to identify the cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Getting Diagnosed
Diagnosing acute lower GI bleeding involves a physical exam, lab tests, and sometimes procedures like a colonoscopy. These help determine the bleeding's source, whether it's from the lower GI tract or another part of the digestive system, ensuring the right treatment approach.
Frequently Asked Questions
It's sudden bleeding from the lower digestive tract, often the colon.
Common symptoms include bright red or maroon blood in bowel movements.
Yes, in 80 to 85 percent of cases, it stops spontaneously.
It can be, with a mortality rate of 2 to 4 percent.
Through exams, lab tests, and sometimes a colonoscopy.
The Bottom Line
Acute lower GI bleeding can be serious, so understanding its symptoms and seeking timely care is key.
References
- Farrell JJ, Friedman LS. Review article: the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21:1281.
- Oakland K, Chadwick G, East JE, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut 2019; 68:776.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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