How to Diagnose Shoulder Pain: A Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Traumatic vs. Nontraumatic

The first step in diagnosing shoulder pain is determining if the pain is due to trauma. Traumatic injuries often include fractures, dislocations, or sprains, which are typically identified through patient history and physical examination. Visual deformities and localized pain are often present, making it easier to diagnose with the help of X-rays.

Step 2: Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Causes

Once trauma is ruled out, the next step is to see if the pain is due to extrinsic (referred) or intrinsic (shoulder-specific) causes. Extrinsic pain is often vague and hard to localize, while intrinsic pain can usually be pinpointed to a specific area of the shoulder. A deeper look into the patient's history and associated symptoms can provide clues.

Step 3: Glenohumeral vs. Extraglenohumeral

If intrinsic issues are suspected, the focus shifts to whether the glenohumeral joint or other areas are involved. Pain localized to the glenohumeral joint often indicates conditions like rotator cuff tears, while pain outside this joint might involve structures like the AC joint.

Frequently Asked Questions

Key Takeaways

Understanding the steps in diagnosing shoulder pain can guide you towards effective treatment.

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