What Does Black Stool Mean and When is It Serious?
Medically reviewed by Andre Stone | MD, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine on August 25th, 2026.
Black, tarry stool can indicate bleeding in the upper digestive tract and should be assessed promptly. Some foods and medicines can also darken stool without causing bleeding. When blood from the stomach or upper small intestine mixes with digestive acids, it turns dark black and tarry. This condition, called melena, can result from peptic ulcers, gastritis, or esophageal varices. However, certain foods like blueberries, black licorice, or iron supplements can also cause temporary black discoloration without bleeding. Serious black stool typically has a sticky, tar-like consistency and strong odor. If you experience black stool with symptoms like weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, or vomiting, seek emergency care immediately as blood loss can be life-threatening.
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