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Thyroid

What Causes Thyroid Nodules?

Linda Girgis | MD

Medically reviewed by Linda Girgis | MD, Girgis Family Medicine on August 21st, 2026.

Thyroid nodules develop from multiple factors, with iodine deficiency being the most common cause worldwide. Genetics play a significant role, as family history increases your risk by 4-6 times compared to those without genetic predisposition. Age and gender also matter—women are 4 times more likely to develop nodules than men, and risk increases after age 40. Radiation exposure, particularly during childhood, can trigger nodule formation decades later. Hashimoto's thyroiditis and other autoimmune conditions create chronic inflammation that promotes nodule growth. Most thyroid nodules are benign, with only 5-15% proving cancerous upon biopsy.

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