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What's That Lump in Your Neck? Understanding Thyroid Nodule Tests
Published: Dec 22, 2023
Thyroid nodules are common, but how do doctors figure out if they're harmless or potentially dangerous? Let's explore the key tests used to evaluate these neck lumps.
The First Line of Defense: Ultrasound
Ultrasound is the go-to initial test for thyroid nodules. It's painless, uses no radiation, and gives doctors a detailed look at the nodule's size, shape, and internal structure. Certain ultrasound features, like irregular edges or tiny calcifications, can raise red flags for potential cancer.
Blood Tests: Checking Thyroid Function
A simple blood test measures thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This helps determine if the nodule is affecting overall thyroid function. Interestingly, a higher TSH level may slightly increase the risk of thyroid cancer, though most nodules are still benign.
The Gold Standard: Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
If ultrasound shows suspicious features, the next step is often a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. This procedure uses a thin needle to collect cells from the nodule for examination under a microscope. While it may sound scary, FNA is usually quick and only mildly uncomfortable.
Advanced Imaging: When More Detail is Needed
In some cases, additional scans like CT, MRI, or nuclear medicine tests may be recommended. These can provide extra information about the nodule's nature or help plan treatment if surgery is needed.
Frequently Asked Questions
No, over 90% of thyroid nodules are benign.
Not necessarily, it depends on ultrasound features and size.
FNA is quite accurate, but not perfect.
Some small nodules may shrink or resolve over time.
Your doctor will recommend a personalized schedule.
Key Takeaways
While thyroid nodule evaluation can seem complex, these tests help ensure appropriate care.
References
- Haugen BR, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1-133.
- Durante C, et al. The Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Nodules: A Review. JAMA. 2018;319(9):914-924.
- Tessler FN, et al. ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): White Paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(5):587-595.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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