Contents
How Do You Test for Parvovirus B19? Discover the Methods
Published: Feb 11, 2024
Diagnosing parvovirus B19 involves specific tests to detect the virus or antibodies. Here's a breakdown of how these tests work and when they're used.
Serologic Testing: Detecting Antibodies
Serologic tests are commonly used to detect antibodies against parvovirus B19. IgM antibodies indicate a recent infection and usually appear within 7 to 10 days after exposure. IgG antibodies appear later and typically remain for life, indicating past infection. These tests are especially useful in diagnosing recent infections in individuals with symptoms like rash and joint pain.
PCR Testing: Finding the Virus's DNA
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is another method used to detect the virus's DNA in blood and other samples. PCR is highly sensitive and can identify low levels of viral DNA, even after the infection has resolved. This test is particularly important for diagnosing parvovirus B19 in immunocompromised individuals, where antibody tests might not be effective.
When Tests Are Necessary
Testing is essential when symptoms are atypical or when there's a need to confirm the diagnosis for clinical management. In cases of transient aplastic crisis or fetal complications during pregnancy, accurate diagnosis helps guide treatment decisions. However, in classic cases of erythema infectiosum in children, a clinical diagnosis might suffice.
Frequently Asked Questions
A positive IgM test suggests a recent parvovirus B19 infection.
No, PCR identifies current or recent viral DNA, not past infections.
Testing is needed for atypical symptoms or specific management decisions.
Yes, serologic tests are reliable but may have false positives or negatives.
No, PCR is preferred as they may not produce detectable antibodies.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the appropriate tests for parvovirus B19 is vital for accurate diagnosis and management.
References
- Erdman DD, Usher MJ, Tsou C, et al. J Med Virol 1991; 35:110.
- Jordan JA. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1472.
- Schwarz TF, Jäger G, Gilch S. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1997; 285:525.
- Beersma MF, Claas EC, Sopaheluakan T, Kroes AC. J Clin Virol 2005; 34:71.
- Gallinella G, Zuffi E, Gentilomi G, et al. J Med Virol 2003; 71:135.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
AI Doctor Visit Required
Appointments available 24/7
Top licensed doctors
Available in all 50 states
Full service care
Prescriptions, referrals & treatment
No insurance needed
All notes available in Doctronic
15-min consultation. No hidden costs.
AI Doctor Visit Required
Please Chat With Our AI Doctor First
Our AI doctor assessment helps our human doctors prepare for your video visit and provide better care
For safety reasons we have been forced to end this consultation.
If you believe this is a medical emergency please call 911 or your local emergency services immediately.
If you are experiencing emotional distress, please call the the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 or your local crisis services immediately.
Contact us
You can also email us at help@doctronic.ai
We aim to reply within 5-7 days
How likely are you to recommend Doctronic to friends or family?