Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes a diverse group of blood cancers that originate from different types of lymphocytes, which are a kind of white blood cell. These include B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells. NHL can affect individuals across all age groups and backgrounds, making it a widespread concern. Diagnosing NHL requires a biopsy and a specialist's review because the symptoms, prognosis, and treatment can vary significantly depending on the subtype.

The symptoms of NHL can vary widely but often include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Aggressive types of NHL might present suddenly with rapidly growing masses, while more indolent types may develop slowly over time with gradual symptoms. Some patients may also experience extranodal symptoms, which are symptoms outside the lymph nodes, such as skin rashes or gastrointestinal issues.

Certain types of NHL can lead to life-threatening emergencies that require immediate medical attention. These can include spinal cord compression, airway obstruction, or central nervous system involvement, which may present with symptoms like severe back pain, breathing difficulties, or neurological changes. Quick identification and treatment of these emergencies are critical to prevent serious complications.

Understanding the diverse symptoms and presentations of NHL is essential for early detection and treatment.