Metacarpal head fractures typically occur from a direct blow or crush injury, often during altercations when someone punches an object with a closed fist. The second metacarpal, linked to the index finger, is the most commonly affected, while the first metacarpal, related to the thumb, is rarely injured. Sometimes, these fractures occur due to ligament ruptures, leading to avulsion fractures at the metacarpal head.

Common symptoms of metacarpal head fractures include pain and swelling at the site of injury, decreased range of motion, and tenderness over the distal metacarpal. During examination, a healthcare provider will check for rotational deformities and skin integrity, especially if there are signs of an open fracture. Any significant pain during joint stress could indicate further complications like ligament injury.

Diagnosing these fractures typically involves imaging tests such as plain radiographs, which can clearly show the extent of the injury. Ultrasound might be used for an initial assessment but is not as detailed as other imaging techniques. In cases where fractures are not visible but suspected, a CT scan is recommended for a more detailed evaluation.

Understanding the causes and symptoms of metacarpal head fractures is crucial for timely treatment and recovery.