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What Causes Waldenström Macroglobulinemia?
Published: Jul 01, 2024
The exact cause of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) remains unknown, but research points to several genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic Factors
WM often involves mutations in genes like MYD88, which are found in over 90% of patients. These mutations disrupt normal cell functions, contributing to the development of WM. Familial cases suggest a genetic predisposition, although most cases are sporadic.
Environmental Influences
Environmental exposures, such as pesticides and farming chemicals, have been linked to WM. Chronic infections, like hepatitis C, might also increase the risk. These factors suggest that both genetic and environmental elements play a role in WM's development.
Immune System Role
Chronic immune stimulation has been associated with WM. Conditions that cause prolonged immune response may trigger the abnormal growth of B cells, leading to WM. This highlights the complex interaction between the immune system and genetics.
Frequently Asked Questions
MYD88 mutations are common in WM.
Yes, exposure to pesticides and infections may increase risk.
Chronic immune stimulation may contribute to WM development.
There's a genetic predisposition, but most cases are sporadic.
The Bottom Line
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the mystery of WM's causes.
References
- Varettoni M, Zibellini S, Defrancesco I, et al. Pattern of somatic mutations in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia or IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Haematologica 2017; 102:2077.
- Hunter ZR, Xu L, Yang G, et al. The genomic landscape of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is characterized by highly recurring MYD88 and WHIM-like CXCR4 mutations, and small somatic deletions associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis. Blood 2014; 123:1637.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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