Systemic sclerosis (SSc), commonly known as scleroderma, is a condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of the skin due to increased collagen deposits. It is a rare autoimmune disease that can also affect internal organs, leading to complications such as lung, heart, and kidney problems. The disease is categorized into two main types: localized and systemic, with systemic forms being more severe due to organ involvement.

The exact cause of scleroderma remains unknown, making it a challenging condition to treat. Researchers believe it involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. The disease may be triggered by an abnormal immune response, leading to excessive collagen production and tissue scarring. Although it is not hereditary, certain genetic markers may increase the risk of developing scleroderma.

Several factors may increase the likelihood of developing scleroderma, including exposure to certain chemicals or infections. Women are more commonly affected than men, and symptoms often appear between the ages of 30 and 50. While the precise triggers are still being studied, lifestyle and environmental factors are thought to play a role in disease onset and progression.

While the causes of scleroderma are still unclear, understanding risk factors can help in managing the disease.