Jaundice can primarily be classified into two types based on the kind of bilirubin involved: unconjugated and conjugated. Unconjugated jaundice is often due to excessive bilirubin production or problems with how the liver processes bilirubin. On the other hand, conjugated jaundice can result from liver diseases or bile duct problems, leading to both types of bilirubin accumulating in the blood. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Unconjugated jaundice happens when the liver cannot process bilirubin properly, often due to overproduction or impaired uptake. Conditions like hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells break down too rapidly, can lead to this type of jaundice. Additionally, certain genetic disorders can decrease the liver's ability to convert bilirubin into a form that can be excreted. This results in a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in the bloodstream, causing the yellowish discoloration.

Conjugated jaundice occurs when there's a problem with bile flow from the liver. This can be due to blockages or liver diseases such as hepatitis. Other causes include infections, certain medications, and genetic disorders that affect liver function. In these cases, bilirubin that has been processed by the liver accumulates in the blood, leading to jaundice. Identifying the exact cause is essential for directing proper treatment.

Understanding the type and cause of jaundice is critical for effective treatment.