The most common cause of SAH is a ruptured brain aneurysm - a weak spot in a blood vessel that balloons out and bursts. Think of it like a leak in a water pipe, but inside your head. Other less common causes include head injuries or abnormal tangles of blood vessels. The bleeding irritates the brain and can lead to serious complications.

The hallmark symptom of SAH is often described as the worst headache of your life, coming on suddenly like a thunderclap. Other red flags include nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, and even loss of consciousness. Some people may experience seizures or notice weakness on one side of the body. If you or someone else experiences these symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

Doctors use several tools to diagnose SAH. A CT scan of the head can usually spot the bleeding. If the CT is inconclusive but SAH is still suspected, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to check for blood in the spinal fluid. Additional tests like angiograms help locate the source of the bleed and guide treatment planning.

Treatment for SAH focuses on stopping the bleeding and preventing further damage. This often involves a procedure to secure the ruptured aneurysm, either through surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Patients are closely monitored in intensive care to manage complications like re-bleeding, vasospasm (narrowing of blood vessels), and hydrocephalus (fluid buildup in the brain). Medications may be used to control blood pressure, prevent seizures, and reduce the risk of delayed brain injury.

While SAH remains a serious condition, advances in treatment and early detection are improving outcomes for many patients.