Splenic Rupture: A Rare but Serious Emergency

Published: Mar 17, 2024

Splenic rupture is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. But what causes it, and how can you recognize the signs?

Understanding Splenic Rupture

The spleen is a delicate organ filled with blood. When it ruptures, it can cause rapid internal bleeding. This can happen due to trauma, like a car accident or sports injury. However, sometimes splenic rupture can occur without obvious trauma, a condition known as atraumatic splenic rupture.

Risk Factors for Splenic Rupture

Several conditions can increase the risk of splenic rupture. Infections like mononucleosis can cause the spleen to enlarge, making it more vulnerable to rupture. Blood cancers, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can also increase risk. Certain medications, including anticoagulants, may contribute to spontaneous rupture in rare cases.

Splenic rupture is a life-threatening condition characterized by the tearing of the spleen, leading to internal bleeding. It can be caused by trauma or occur spontaneously.

Recognizing the Signs

The symptoms of splenic rupture can be dramatic. Severe, sudden pain in the left upper abdomen is common. This may be accompanied by left shoulder pain, a phenomenon called Kehr's sign. Other symptoms can include lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, a person may lose consciousness due to blood loss.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, this is called atraumatic or spontaneous splenic rupture.

Yes, it requires immediate medical attention due to the risk of severe bleeding.

While not always preventable, avoiding high-impact activities when the spleen is enlarged can help.

Not always; some cases can be managed without surgery, depending on severity.

Key Takeaways

While splenic rupture is rare, being aware of the risks and symptoms can help ensure prompt treatment if it does occur.

Concerned about your risk of splenic rupture? Discuss your medical history and lifestyle with Doctronic to understand your personal risk factors.

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References

Renzulli P, et al. Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture. Br J Surg 2009; 96:1114.

Aubrey-Bassler FK, Sowers N. 613 cases of splenic rupture without risk factors or previously diagnosed disease: a systematic review. BMC Emerg Med 2012; 12:11.

Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.