Diabetic kidney disease, often known as diabetic nephropathy, occurs when diabetes causes damage to the kidneys over time. This damage can lead to kidney failure if not managed properly. The main signs include albuminuria, where the kidneys leak protein into the urine, and a decrease in kidney function measured by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These symptoms typically develop silently and are caught during routine tests.

Diagnosing diabetic kidney disease usually involves checking for persistent albuminuria and reduced GFR over a period of time. Blood and urine tests are the primary tools used to monitor these indicators. Occasionally, a kidney biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis, especially if another kidney disease is suspected.

A common misconception is that diabetic kidney disease follows a predictable pattern starting with high GFR and ending in kidney failure. However, recent studies show that this progression is not always linear. Albuminuria can sometimes improve, and kidney function can decline without noticeable albuminuria.

Diabetic kidney disease is complex, but understanding its manifestations and early diagnosis can help manage its impact.