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Iron Overload: When Your Body Hoards Too Much Iron
Published: Nov 30, 2023
Iron is essential for life, but too much can be harmful. Iron overload occurs when the body absorbs and stores excess iron, potentially damaging organs.
Symptoms of Iron Overload
Early signs of iron overload can be vague, including fatigue, joint pain, and abdominal discomfort. As iron accumulates, more serious symptoms may develop like skin darkening, diabetes, and heart problems. Left untreated, iron overload can lead to life-threatening organ damage, especially in the liver.
Causes and Risk Factors
The most common cause of iron overload is hereditary hemochromatosis, a genetic condition that increases iron absorption. Other risk factors include certain blood disorders, frequent blood transfusions, and excessive iron supplementation. Some people may be at higher risk due to their diet or alcohol consumption.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to check iron levels and genetic testing for hereditary hemochromatosis. Treatment often includes regular phlebotomy (blood removal) to reduce iron levels. In severe cases, iron chelation therapy may be used to remove excess iron from the body.
Living with Iron Overload
Managing iron overload often involves lifestyle changes. This may include limiting iron-rich foods, avoiding vitamin C with meals (which increases iron absorption), and reducing alcohol intake. Regular monitoring and treatment can help prevent complications and maintain a good quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions
It affects about 1 in 300 people of Northern European descent.
It can be effectively managed, but genetic causes cannot be cured.
No, not everyone with the genetic mutation will accumulate excess iron.
Yes, but it's less common due to iron loss through menstruation.
No, it's the opposite condition - too much iron rather than too little.
The Bottom Line
While iron overload can be serious, early detection and proper management can prevent most complications.
References
- Hentze MW, Muckenthaler MU, Galy B, Camaschella C. Two to tango: regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism. Cell 2010; 142:24.
- Ganz T. Hepcidin and iron regulation, 10 years later. Blood 2011; 117:4425.
- Pietrangelo A. Hereditary hemochromatosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:393.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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