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Hypoglycemia: The Hidden Danger for Diabetes Patients
Published: Apr 17, 2024
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a common but serious side effect of some diabetes treatments. Understanding this risk is crucial for patients and caregivers managing diabetes.
What Causes Hypoglycemia in Diabetes?
Hypoglycemia often occurs when diabetes medications lower blood sugar too much. This is especially common with insulin and drugs that increase insulin production, like sulfonylureas. Other factors can increase the risk, such as skipping meals, exercising more than usual, or drinking alcohol. Think of it like overshooting the target - aiming for good blood sugar control, but accidentally going too low.
Recognizing the Signs
Early symptoms of hypoglycemia can include shakiness, sweating, hunger, and irritability. If blood sugar drops further, confusion, seizures, or even loss of consciousness can occur. It's crucial for patients and their loved ones to recognize these signs. Some people may develop 'hypoglycemia unawareness' over time, making regular blood sugar checks even more important.
Prevention and Management
Preventing hypoglycemia starts with proper medication management and regular meals. Patients should always carry fast-acting carbohydrates like glucose tablets. For those at high risk, doctors may recommend less aggressive blood sugar targets. Some newer diabetes medications have a lower risk of causing hypoglycemia. Always discuss any concerns about low blood sugar with your healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
Generally, below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) is considered low.
Yes, nighttime hypoglycemia is a significant concern for some patients.
Yes, including older adults and those with kidney problems.
Yes, physical activity can lower blood sugar levels.
It varies, but those at risk may need to check several times daily.
The Bottom Line
While hypoglycemia is a serious risk, proper education and management can help diabetes patients stay safe and healthy.
References
- Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. American Diabetes Association, 2016.
- Schopman JE, Simon AC, Hoefnagel SJ, et al. The incidence of mild and severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sulfonylureas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:11.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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