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How Do Doctors Diagnose Erythrocytosis? Key Tests Explained
Published: Oct 02, 2024
Diagnosing erythrocytosis involves a series of tests to measure red blood cell levels and identify underlying causes. Understanding these tests can help you navigate the diagnostic process with confidence.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The cornerstone of erythrocytosis diagnosis is the complete blood count (CBC). This simple blood test measures your hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which are typically elevated in erythrocytosis. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, while hematocrit is the percentage of your blood volume made up of red blood cells. In erythrocytosis, both these values are higher than normal.
Erythropoietin (EPO) Level Test
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Measuring EPO levels can help distinguish between primary and secondary erythrocytosis. In primary erythrocytosis, EPO levels are usually low or normal. In secondary erythrocytosis, EPO levels are typically high. This test involves a simple blood draw and can provide crucial information about the underlying cause of your condition.
Genetic Testing
If primary erythrocytosis is suspected, your doctor might recommend genetic testing. This usually involves looking for mutations in the JAK2 gene, which are common in a type of erythrocytosis called polycythemia vera. Other genes may also be tested depending on your specific case. Genetic testing can be done using a blood sample or sometimes a cheek swab.
Frequently Asked Questions
Most are simple blood draws; bone marrow biopsy may cause brief discomfort.
CBC results are often available within hours; other tests may take days.
Not necessarily; your doctor will determine which tests are needed based on your symptoms.
Yes, when combined with clinical symptoms, these tests can confirm erythrocytosis.
Most are typically covered, but check with your insurance provider.
Knowledge is Power
Understanding these diagnostic tests empowers you to take an active role in your healthcare journey.
References
- Pearson TC, Messinezy M. Investigation of patients with polycythaemia. Postgrad Med J 1996; 72:519.
- Fairbanks VF, Klee GG, Wiseman GA, et al. Measurement of blood volume and red cell mass: re-examination of 51Cr and 125I methods. Blood Cells Mol Dis 1996; 22:169.
- WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, revised 4th edition, Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. (Eds), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon 2017.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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