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Diagnosing Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): Tests and Procedures Explained
Published: Jul 06, 2024
Diagnosing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) involves several tests and procedures. This article explains the diagnostic process for ITP.
Initial Blood Tests
The first step in diagnosing ITP is usually a complete blood count (CBC). This test measures the levels of different blood cells, including platelets. In ITP, platelet counts are typically low while other blood cell counts remain normal. Your doctor may also order a blood smear, where blood cells are examined under a microscope to check their appearance and confirm the low platelet count.
Ruling Out Other Causes
Since ITP is a diagnosis of exclusion, your doctor will need to rule out other conditions that can cause low platelet counts. This may involve additional blood tests to check for infections like HIV or hepatitis C, which can cause secondary ITP. Tests for other autoimmune diseases or blood disorders might also be performed. Your medical history and physical exam results will help guide which tests are necessary.
Bone Marrow Examination
In some cases, especially for older adults or if initial treatments don't work as expected, a bone marrow examination may be recommended. This involves taking a small sample of bone marrow, usually from the hip bone, to examine under a microscope. This test can help rule out other bone marrow disorders that might be causing low platelet counts. While it sounds intimidating, the procedure is typically quick and performed with local anesthesia.
Specialized Tests
Some specialized tests may be used in certain situations. For example, tests for platelet antibodies can sometimes help confirm an ITP diagnosis, though they're not routinely performed. Genetic tests might be considered if there's a family history of low platelet counts. Your doctor will determine which tests are most appropriate based on your individual situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Usually not; multiple tests and clinical evaluation are needed.
It varies, but can take several days to weeks for thorough evaluation.
Most are simple blood draws; bone marrow tests may cause brief discomfort.
Usually not, but follow any specific instructions from your doctor.
Yes, to monitor platelet counts and treatment effectiveness.
Key Takeaways
While diagnosing ITP can be complex, these tests help ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
References
- Neunert C, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(23):3829-3866.
- Provan D, et al. Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3(22):3780-3817.
- Rodeghiero F, et al. Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group. Blood. 2009;113(11):2386-2393.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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