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Diagnosing CML: The Tests That Could Save Your Life
Published: May 30, 2024
Accurate diagnosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is crucial for proper treatment. Several tests work together to confirm CML and determine its stage, guiding treatment decisions.
Blood Tests: The First Line of Defense
A complete blood count (CBC) is often the first test to raise suspicion of CML. It typically shows a high white blood cell count, with many immature cells called myelocytes. The blood smear, examined under a microscope, can reveal the characteristic 'left shift' in white blood cells, where there are more immature cells than usual.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: A Deeper Look
A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a small sample of bone marrow, usually from the hip bone. This test provides detailed information about the number and types of cells in the bone marrow. In CML, the bone marrow is typically overgrown with granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) at various stages of maturity.
Genetic Testing: Confirming the Diagnosis
Genetic tests are crucial for confirming CML. These include cytogenetic testing to look for the Philadelphia chromosome, and molecular tests like FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) or PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to detect the BCR-ABL1 gene. These tests not only confirm the diagnosis but also help monitor treatment response.
Frequently Asked Questions
Blood test results are usually available within a day, while genetic tests may take 1-2 weeks.
Blood tests cause minimal discomfort; bone marrow biopsies may cause brief pain.
Regular testing is crucial to monitor treatment response, often every 3-6 months.
Yes, genetic tests can detect CML even before symptoms appear.
Knowledge is Power
Understanding these tests empowers you to take an active role in your health care journey.
References
- Savage DG, Szydlo RM, Goldman JM. Clinical features at diagnosis in 430 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia seen at a referral centre over a 16-year period. Br J Haematol 1997; 96:111.
- Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, et al. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood 2016; 127:2391.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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