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BRCA Mutations and Breast Cancer: What You Need to Know
Published: Jan 19, 2024
BRCA mutations are genetic changes that can significantly increase a person's risk of developing breast cancer. Understanding these mutations is crucial for those with a family history of the disease.
What Are BRCA Genes?
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that help repair damaged DNA and suppress tumor growth. When these genes have mutations, they can't function properly, leading to an increased risk of certain cancers. Think of BRCA genes as the body's natural cancer-fighting superheroes – mutations weaken their powers.
How BRCA Mutations Affect Cancer Risk
Women with BRCA mutations have a much higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer compared to the general population. The risk can be as high as 70% by age 80. These mutations also increase the risk of ovarian cancer and, to a lesser extent, other cancers. Men with BRCA mutations have an increased risk of breast and prostate cancers.
Testing for BRCA Mutations
Genetic testing can identify BRCA mutations. This is typically recommended for people with a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer, especially at young ages. The test involves a simple blood draw or saliva sample. Genetic counseling is an important part of the process to help understand the results and implications.
Managing BRCA-Related Cancer Risk
If you have a BRCA mutation, there are several options to manage your cancer risk. These include more frequent cancer screenings, preventive medications, and risk-reducing surgeries like mastectomy or ovary removal. The right approach depends on your personal preferences and family planning goals. Your healthcare team will help you make informed decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, BRCA mutations can be inherited from either parent and may skip generations.
No, having a mutation increases risk but doesn't guarantee cancer will develop.
Yes, men can carry and pass on BRCA mutations, and have increased cancer risks.
Many insurance plans cover testing for high-risk individuals, but check your specific policy.
Yes, some treatments may be more effective for cancers related to BRCA mutations.
Knowledge is Power
Understanding your BRCA status can empower you to make informed decisions about your health and cancer prevention strategies.
References
- National Cancer Institute. BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet
- American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Risk Factors You Cannot Change. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention/breast-cancer-risk-factors-you-cannot-change.html
- Breastcancer.org. BRCA1 & BRCA2 Genes: Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancer. https://www.breastcancer.org/risk/factors/genetics
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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