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Are You at Risk for Familial Hypercholesterolemia? Key Factors to Know
Published: Nov 28, 2023
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic condition that dramatically increases heart disease risk. Knowing your risk factors could save your life.
Family History: The Genetic Link
The strongest risk factor for FH is having a close relative (parent, sibling, or child) with the condition. FH is caused by specific genetic mutations, so it runs in families. If one parent has FH, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting it. Having a family history of very high cholesterol or early heart disease (before age 55 in men or 65 in women) also increases FH risk.
Ethnicity and FH Risk
FH occurs in all ethnic groups, but it's more common in certain populations. People of French Canadian, Ashkenazi Jewish, Lebanese, or Afrikaner (South African) descent have higher rates of FH due to founder effects in these populations. This means the genetic mutation was introduced into a small, isolated group and became more prevalent over time.
High Cholesterol from an Early Age
Unlike typical high cholesterol that develops with age, people with FH have very high LDL levels from birth. Total cholesterol levels over 300 mg/dL or LDL over 190 mg/dL in adults (lower thresholds for children) can be a red flag for FH, especially if they occur despite a healthy lifestyle. Cholesterol testing in childhood or early adulthood can help identify FH early.
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, about 30% of FH cases are due to new genetic mutations.
No, HDL levels don't affect FH diagnosis.
No, FH is purely genetic, though lifestyle affects its severity.
Knowledge is Prevention
Recognizing FH risk factors enables early diagnosis and treatment, potentially preventing heart disease.
References
- Nordestgaard BG, et al. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(45):3478-3490.
- Knowles JW, et al. Circulation. 2014;130(5):404-406.
- Sturm AC, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(6):662-680.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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