Age is the most significant risk factor for colorectal cancer, with risk increasing after age 50. Having a close relative with colorectal cancer or advanced polyps roughly doubles your risk. If you have a family history of Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis, your risk is even higher. These genetic conditions can cause colorectal cancer to develop at a younger age.

Several lifestyle factors can influence your colorectal cancer risk. Obesity, physical inactivity, and diets high in red and processed meats are associated with increased risk. Heavy alcohol consumption and smoking also raise the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. On the other hand, regular physical activity and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help reduce risk.

Certain medical conditions are linked to higher colorectal cancer risk. These include inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, especially if you've had them for many years. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Having a history of colorectal polyps, particularly advanced adenomas, raises your risk of developing cancer in the future.

Colorectal cancer risk varies among racial and ethnic groups. African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates of all racial groups in the United States. The reasons for this disparity are complex and likely involve a combination of genetic factors, healthcare access issues, and socioeconomic factors. Some Ashkenazi Jewish individuals carry gene mutations that increase their colorectal cancer risk.

While some risk factors can't be changed, understanding your personal risk can empower you to take control of your colorectal health through lifestyle changes and appropriate screening.